Method of Obtaining an Organic Salt or Acid from an Aqueous Sugar Stream. To some extent, these biofuels compete for land and water used for food and fiber production. Appl. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. BioResources 2, 472–499. United States Patent and Trademark Office. At a still higher mass ratio of sulfuric acid/dry cellulose of 36 and combined with a H2SO4 mass percentage of 72 wt%, a glucose yield of 98% was obtained, with a much smaller standard deviation among the triplicates than at lower mass ratios of sulfuric acid/dry cellulose. Stab. The impact of the post-hydrolysis time on the glucose yield using different H+/OH− molar ratios is presented in Figure 8. Each test was performed in triplicate and the mean humidity was calculated and used as reference for the mass balance of the hydrolysis tests. Bioresour. The other authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Hydrolysis cellulose by acid Obtained cellulose 5g in Erlenmeyer was added 200 ml sulfuric acid/hydrochlorid acid in 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 M so that heated at 100oC. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.104, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, Pulidindi, I. N., Kimchi, B. Introduction. Deionized water (3 μS cm-1) was prepared with a Heal force Water Purification System (Shanghai, China). Clausen, E. C., and Gaddy, J. L. (1993). Glucose degradation seemed to be faster than saccharification at 121°C, as compared to a temperature of 97°C. With an H+/OH− molar ratio of 1.7, increasing the cooking period increased the yield of glucose, whereas with an H+/OH− molar ratio of 2.3, increasing the post-hydrolysis time generally led to the opposite scenario. The shape and size distribution of crystalline nanoparticles resulting from the sulfuric acid hydrolysis of cellulose from cotton, Avicel, and tunicate were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) as well as small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS). Energy 77, 19–24. Moreover, an aqueous 32.8 wt% sodium hydroxide solution was instead used as catalyst (basic) in the experiments aiming at determining the effect of time, acid concentration and temperature of post-hydrolysis on glucose yield. Since partial neutralization step is the innovative aspect of this process, the trials investigating the influence of acid/base molar ratio on the glucose yield were carried out in triplicates. 6:117. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00117. This result could be explained by the fact that, at 72 wt% H2SO4, the molar ratio of H2O/H2SO4 is 2, such that each sulfate anion ends up between two protonated water molecules. 107, 505–514. During the last two decades, there has been tremendous interest in At a post-hydrolysis temperature of 121°C and with the same conditions as in Figure 9, except for partial neutralization with H+/OH− molar ratio of 2.3 and 20 wt% NaOH, the highest glucose yield of 88% was obtained (See Figure 7) for a post-hydrolysis time of 10 min. The triticale was harvested at maturity on September 16, 2009 and the biomass production yield was 175 kg/m2. Cellulose is a linear polymer of D-anhydroglucopyranose monomers connected by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds (Zhang et al., 2012) and its degree of polymerization varies typically between 2,000 to 27,000 glucan units, depending on the type of plant (Taherdazeh and Karimi, 2007). Based on widely published work carried out since the 90's at the University of Sherbrooke, lignocellulosic biomass is first separated into four fractions, namely hemicelluloses, cellulose, lignin, and extractives (if desired) (Lavoie et al., 2011). Neuman, R. P., Rudge, S. R., and Ladisch, M. R. (1987). Now, a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid must be added drop-wise along the walls of the test tube to facilitate the formation of a layer and avoid mixing. Table 2 Production of Sulphuric Acid in the Countries of the European Community Sulphuric acid is produced in all the countries of Europe with the major producers being Germany, Spain, France, Belgium and Italy. 84, 865–871. Each of these recovery techniques has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the ultimate best choice depends on many factors, such as the recovery (separation) efficiency and the energy cost associated (Berberi, 2010). (1996). View all 4. Biotechnol. Chromatographic recovery of Monosaccharides for the production of bioethanol from wood. Carbohydr. Compare the observations of the unknowns to those of the known hydrocarbons and . From 1937 to 1948, three processes for concentrated acid hydrolysis of cellulose, namely the Bergius-Rheinau process (Kent, 2013; Amarasekara, 2014), the Peoria process, and the Hokkaido process (Wenzl, 1970; Clausen and Gaddy, 1993) were deployed at large scale. Add / Edited: 22.07.2015 / Evaluation of information: 5.0 out of 5 / number of votes: 1. In this work, the effect of several operating parameters on the glucose yield of this process was investigated using triticale cellulose and the best conditions yielding fermentable glucose (close to 100%) were determined. 2. It is important to note that, this reaction is easy and clean without any further work-up due to the release of HCl gas from the reaction vessel immediately. In the most efficient case, a glucose yield reaching 100% could be achieved and this involved a “swelling” pre-treatment performed at 30°C for 2 h, 72 wt% H2SO4 and using a mass ratio of H2SO4/dry cellulose of 36; followed by partial neutralization with 20 wt% NaOH, and an H+/OH− molar ratio of 2.3–2.5; and post-hydrolysis at 121°C for 10 min. Copyright © 2018 Kong-Win Chang, Duret, Berberi, Zahedi-Niaki and Lavoie. Complicated process units, high energy consumption and difficulties to recycle acid were also mentioned as obstacles toward the commercialization of these technologies (Fan et al., 1987). Sulfuric Acid Hydrolysis of Cellulose First, 10 g raw cotton fiber was added to a 500 mL beaker containing 200 mL of 64.1% (w/w) sulfuric acid. Sorbents 5, 55–61. Effect of pre-treatment time on glucose yield with mass ratio of H2SO4/dry cellulose ratio = 36, 72 wt% sulfuric acid and H+/OH− molar ratio = 2.5, combined with a 121°C post-hydrolysis for 10 min.

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